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Frequently Asked Questions

Everything you need to know about applying for your own gTLD in ICANN's 2026 application round

A gTLD (generic Top-Level Domain) is a domain name extension like .com, .org, or .net. The 2026 application round gives you the opportunity to apply for your own custom gTLD—essentially your own piece of the internet.

Think of it this way: instead of registering someoneelse.com, you could own and operate .yourbrand. Every domain registered under your TLD reinforces your brand identity.

Business Owner

  • Complete brand control and ownership
  • Competitive advantage in your market
  • Build customer trust with verified domains
  • Differentiate from competitors using .com

CEO

  • Strategic positioning as digital leader
  • Asset appreciation over 5-10 year horizon
  • Creates defensive moat around brand
  • Signals market leadership and innovation

CFO

  • ROI typically realized within 5-7 years
  • Asset value compounds with internet growth
  • Reduces dependency on leased domains
  • Potential revenue from third-party registrations

CTO

  • Control over DNS architecture and security
  • Integration with existing infrastructure
  • Custom DNSSEC implementation
  • Technical differentiation capability

Operator

  • Backend registry provider selection flexibility
  • Custom registration policies and workflows
  • Direct control over zone file management
  • Integration opportunities with APIs

Any established entity located anywhere in the world can apply for a new gTLD. This opens the door to a diverse range of applicants:

  • Corporations: Global brands, Fortune 500 companies, SMEs
  • NGOs and Non-Profits: Charitable organizations, foundations
  • Communities: Geographic communities, interest groups, language communities
  • Cities and Regions: Municipalities, tourism boards, regional organizations
  • Entrepreneurs: Business owners with established entities

Key Requirements

  • Jurisdiction: Must be legally established in any jurisdiction
  • Financial Capability: Demonstrate ability to pay application fees and operational costs
  • Background Check: Pass ICANN's background evaluation (no history of cybersquatting, fraud, or ICANN contract breaches)
  • Technical Capability: Either demonstrate in-house technical expertise or contract with a registry service provider

CEO

If your company is legally established and financially healthy, you're eligible. The key is demonstrating organizational capability and commitment to long-term operation.

CFO

Financial thresholds include demonstrating ability to cover the $227,000 application fee plus at least 2-3 years of operational costs. Financial statements and bank references will be required.

Detailed Application Guides

Explore specific application types with comprehensive guides:

The application submission period is expected to open in Q2 2026. However, successful applicants begin preparation well in advance.

Recommended Timeline

2025 Preparation Phase
  • Feasibility assessment and budget planning
  • String selection and trademark clearance
  • Registry service provider selection
  • Financial modeling and ROI projections
Q2 2026 Application Window
  • ICANN accepts applications (typically 60-90 day window)
  • All documentation must be complete and submitted
  • Application fee payment due
2026-2028 Evaluation Period
  • Financial, technical, and background evaluations
  • String contention resolution (if applicable)
  • Community and priority objections processing
  • Typically 12-24 months
2028+ Delegation & Launch
  • Contract signing with ICANN
  • Technical testing and delegation
  • Landrush and general availability launch

CEO

Strategic timing matters. Early preparation (2025) ensures you're ready when applications open. Consider market conditions, competitive landscape, and organizational readiness.

CFO

Plan budget allocation across multiple years. 2025: preparation costs ($50K-$100K). Q2 2026: application fee ($227K). 2026-2028: evaluation period costs. 2028+: operational expenses begin.

Owning a gTLD creates transformative opportunities across branding, revenue, and strategic positioning:

  • Branding: Reinforce your brand at the highest level—every domain ends with your brand
  • Commercial Opportunities: Sell second-level domains under your TLD
  • Multilingual Internet: Serve non-English speaking communities with IDN TLDs
  • Trust and Verification: Every domain under your TLD is verified as belonging to your ecosystem

Business Owner

  • Build customer trust with official branded domains
  • Create memorable, easy-to-recognize web addresses
  • Eliminate domain availability concerns forever
  • Differentiate from competitors using generic TLDs
  • Control pricing for your own domains

CEO

  • Strategic digital asset with appreciating value
  • Creates competitive moat—competitors can't replicate
  • Positions company as innovation leader
  • Enables new business models and revenue streams
  • Strengthens brand equity and market position
  • Attractive to investors and partners

CFO

  • Revenue from domain sales and renewals
  • Premium domain pricing strategies
  • Licensing opportunities to partners
  • Asset appreciation over time
  • Reduced domain acquisition costs for internal use
  • Potential for registry service provider revenue sharing

CTO

  • Custom DNS infrastructure and security policies
  • Integration with existing authentication systems
  • Technical differentiation in the market
  • Control over DNSSEC and security implementations
  • API opportunities for partners and developers

Operator

  • Service expansion into registry operations
  • Partnership opportunities with registrars
  • Custom registration workflows and policies
  • Value-added services for domain registrants

Yes! ICANN supports 26 scripts for gTLD applications, enabling truly global representation. This is known as Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs).

Supported Scripts

العربية Arabic
Հայերեն Armenian
বাংলা Bangla
中文 Chinese (Simplified)
繁體中文 Chinese (Traditional)
Ћирилица Cyrillic
Ελληνικά Greek
ગુજરાતી Gujarati
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Gurmukhi
עברית Hebrew
हिन्दी Hindi
日本語 Japanese
ಕನ್ನಡ Kannada
한국어 Korean
ລາວ Lao
မြန်မာ Myanmar
ଓଡ଼ିଆ Oriya
فارسی Persian
தமிழ் Tamil
తెలుగు Telugu
ไทย Thai
བོད་ཡིག Tibetan
Türkçe Turkish
Українська Ukrainian
اردو Urdu
Tiếng Việt Vietnamese

RZ-LGR Integration Process

For scripts not yet integrated into the Root Zone LGR (Label Generation Ruleset), an additional process involves:

  • Community panel formation and review
  • Script integration proposal submission
  • ICANN community evaluation
  • Integration into the RZ-LGR prior to delegation

Business Owner

Multilingual TLDs allow you to serve global markets in their native scripts, dramatically increasing trust and engagement among non-English speakers.

CEO

IDN TLDs represent massive growth opportunities. Chinese (.中文), Arabic (.العربية), and Cyrillic (.рф) markets are underserved and represent billions of potential users.

IDN Resources

Complete Guide to Internationalized Domain Names →

Learn about all 26 supported scripts, variant strings, RZ-LGR process, and technical requirements.

The ICANN evaluation fee is USD $227,000 for the 2026 round. However, this is just the beginning. Let's break down the complete cost structure:

Complete Cost Breakdown

One-Time Costs
  • ICANN Application Fee: $227,000 (non-refundable after evaluation begins)
  • Infrastructure Setup: $50,000 - $200,000 (depends on in-house vs. outsourced)
  • Legal & Consulting: $25,000 - $100,000 (application preparation)
  • Trademark Clearance: $5,000 - $15,000 (comprehensive search)
Annual Ongoing Costs
  • ICANN Variable Fees: ~$25,000/year base (scales with transaction volume)
  • Registry Service Provider: $25,000 - $100,000/year (if outsourced)
  • Staffing: $200,000 - $500,000/year (1-3 FTEs or managed services)
  • Compliance & Reporting: $10,000 - $30,000/year
  • Insurance & Legal: $15,000 - $40,000/year

ROI Projections

Scenario Year 1-3 Year 4-7 Year 8-10
Brand-only use Net investment phase Break-even approach Positive ROI (savings)
Limited third-party sales Net investment Break-even Positive ROI (revenue)
Active commercial registry Net investment Positive ROI early Strong revenue growth

CFO

Investment vs. Expense: Treat this as a capital investment with a 5-10 year horizon, not an annual expense. The asset value appreciates, and break-even typically occurs in years 5-7 for commercial registries, sooner for high-volume brand TLDs.

Financing Options: ICANN offers payment plans. Consider staging costs—preparation in 2025, application fee in Q2 2026, operational costs ramp up from 2027-2028.

CEO

Strategic Investment Perspective: Compare to other strategic acquisitions. A gTLD is a permanent digital asset that strengthens brand equity, creates competitive differentiation, and can generate revenue. Many companies spend more annually on domain registrations alone.

Business Owner

Financing Considerations: Payment plans are available. Many applicants use a combination of cash reserves, financing, and phased investment. Start with feasibility assessment ($5K-$15K) before committing to full application.

Financial Assistance

Need help with costs? Learn about the Applicant Support Program for financial aid →

Qualified applicants may receive up to 80% fee reduction ($46,000 instead of $227,000).

A registry is the authoritative database of all domain names registered under a specific TLD. Think of it as the master phonebook for your TLD.

Simple analogy: Running a registry is like running a mini-ICANN, but just for your TLD. You control the rules, pricing, and operations.

Registry Operator Responsibilities

Technical
  • Maintain DNS infrastructure
  • Operate authoritative name servers
  • Implement DNSSEC
  • Manage zone files
  • Ensure 100% uptime
Operational
  • Process domain registrations
  • Handle renewals and transfers
  • Manage WHOIS data
  • Respond to abuse reports
  • Customer support
Financial
  • Collect registration fees
  • Pay ICANN fees
  • Financial reporting to ICANN
  • Revenue management
  • Billing and invoicing
Compliance
  • ICANN contract compliance
  • RPMP (Rights Protection) implementation
  • Abuse mitigation
  • Audit participation
  • Policy implementation

Operator

Day-to-Day Operations: Most organizations don't build their own registry backend. Instead, they partner with established Registry Service Providers (RSPs) like Identity Digital, GoDaddy Registry, or Nic.ru. These providers handle technical operations while you maintain policy control.

CTO

Technical Architecture: Registry operations require global anycast networks, redundant infrastructure, and 24/7 monitoring. The EPP (Extensible Provisioning Protocol) is used for registrar communication. DNS security is critical—any outage affects all domains under your TLD.

CFO

Cost Structure: Registry service providers charge annual fees plus per-domain transaction fees. Budget $25K-$100K annually for managed services, plus variable fees based on registration volume.

CEO

Strategic Partnership: The RSP relationship is critical. Choose a partner aligned with your vision, culture, and growth plans. This is a long-term partnership—5-10+ years.

Being a registry operator is a significant commitment. Here's what you need to know across technical, financial, and organizational dimensions:

Technical Considerations

  • Infrastructure: Global anycast DNS network, 100% uptime requirement
  • Security: DNSSEC implementation, DDoS protection, abuse monitoring
  • Scalability: Must handle sudden traffic spikes and growth
  • EPP System: Real-time registration protocol integration
  • WHOIS/RDAP: Query services for domain information
  • Escrow: Regular data deposits with ICANN-approved escrow provider

Financial Considerations

  • ICANN Fees: Variable fee based on transaction volume (~$0.25/domain/year base)
  • Reporting: Quarterly financial reports, annual audit requirements
  • Audit Costs: Annual financial audit ($15K-$50K)
  • Taxes: Multi-jurisdictional tax considerations
  • Insurance: Cyber insurance, professional liability, D&O coverage

Regulatory Considerations

  • ICANN Contract: Registry Agreement (RA) governs all operations
  • Compliance: Regular audits, Spec 12 reviews, RPMP compliance
  • Policy Changes: Must implement ICANN policy updates
  • Dispute Resolution: Must participate in IRTP, UDRP processes
  • Law Enforcement: Must respond to lawful requests

Organizational Considerations

  • Staffing: Minimum 1-3 FTEs or managed service equivalent
  • Roles: Registry manager, compliance officer, technical liaison
  • Workflows: Registration policies, transfer procedures, abuse response
  • Growth Planning: Scaling operations as domain count increases
  • Board Oversight: Executive-level sponsorship and review

Operator

Registry Service Provider Selection: Most organizations partner with an RSP. Key selection criteria: technical reliability, EPP system features, registrar relationships, pricing structure, support quality, and cultural fit. Request references from similar-sized registries.

CTO

Architecture & Security: Registry security is paramount. Implement defense-in-depth: network security, application security, physical security, and operational security. Regular penetration testing and security audits are essential. Have incident response plans ready.

CFO

Ongoing Costs & Reporting: Beyond the RSP fees, budget for annual audits, compliance reporting tools, insurance premiums, and staff training. ICANN requires quarterly financial reports—implement robust accounting systems from day one.

CEO

Organizational Structure: Registry operations need executive sponsorship. Establish a steering committee with representation from legal, finance, technical, and business units. Plan for organizational growth as the registry matures. Consider whether registry operations should be a profit center or cost center.

Business Owner

Staffing & Workflows: Start lean with external RSP support, then build internal expertise over time. Establish clear workflows for registration approvals, abuse handling, and customer inquiries. Document everything—SOPs are critical for handoffs and scaling.

Still Have Questions?

Our team is here to help you navigate the 2026 gTLD application process.